[48], Both sides' aircraft were operating in adverse conditions. HMS Invincible was the Royal Navy's lead ship of her class of three light aircraft carriers. Locations of the four nozzles on the aircraft. [42][49] A combined six Sea Harriers were lost to either enemy fire, accidents or mechanical failure during the war. [35] The Sea Harrier squadrons shot down 20 Argentine aircraft in air-to-air combat with no air-to-air losses, although two Sea Harriers were lost to ground fire and four to accidents. Find professional British Aerospace Sea Harrier videos and stock footage available for license in film, television, advertising and corporate uses. BACKGROUND The Harrier is the only truly operational V/STOL, (Vertical/Short Take Off and Landing,) jet aircraft in the world. The natural option – to install higher-rated Pegasus engines – would not be as straightforward as the Harrier GR7 upgrade and would likely be an expensive and slow process. [10] It has two landing gear on the fuselage and two outrigger landing gear on the wings. The Harrier was developed directly from the Hawker Siddeley Kestrel prototype aircraft, following the cancellation of a more advanced supersonic aircraft, the Hawker Siddeley P.1154. [85], In 2006, the Indian Navy expressed interest in acquiring up to eight of the Royal Navy's recently retired Sea Harrier FA2s in order to maintain their operational Sea Harrier fleet. [46] [54] A total of six Sea Harriers were lost during the war (2 to enemy fire and 4 to accidents/mechanical failure. [55] The total aggregate loss rate for both the Harriers and Sea Harriers on strike operations was 2.3%. [15] The first operational squadron 800 Naval Air Squadron was also formed in March 1980 initially to operate from HMS Invincible before it transferred to HMS Hermes. Attack Fighters. [45] The result was that an Argentine aircraft could only allow five minutes over the islands to search and attack an objective, while a Sea Harrier could stay near to 30 minutes waiting in the Argentine approach corridors and provide Combat Air Patrol coverage for up to an hour.[42]. Captain Clapp, Michael (19 February 2010). Commander Nigel David "Sharkey" Ward,, born Nigel David MacCartan-Ward, is a retired British Royal Navy officer who commanded 801 Naval Air Squadron during the Falklands War. Although withdrawn from active Royal Navy service, Sea Harriers are used to train naval aircraft handlers at the Royal Navy School of Flight Deck Operations. This was a mistake! HMS Hermes was a conventional British aircraft carrier and the last of the Centaur class. [93] On 11 May 2016, a ceremony was held at INS Hansa, Dabolim, Goa to commemorate the phasing out of Sea Harriers from INAS 300 ("White Tigers"). [10] During this time Hawker Siddeley became part of British Aerospace through nationalisation in 1977. Argentine aircraft were forced to operate from the mainland because airfields on the Falklands were only suited for propellor-driven transports. In 1977, the Indian government approved of plans to acquire the Sea Harrier for the Indian Navy; prior to this, rumours reportedly were circulating of a potential Indian purchase of the Soviet V/STOL-capable Yak-36. It first entered service with the Royal Navy in April 1980 as the Sea Harrier FRS1 and became informally known as the "Shar". It has two landing gear on the fuselage and two outrigger landing gear on the wings. To this end, she was brought forward by three months for completion at Swan Hunter Shipyard, then commissioned on 20 June 1982 at sea en route to Portsmouth Dockyard to take on board extra stores and crew. [87] The following is an incomplete list of some of the surviving aircraft. The nozzles point rearward with the lever in the forward position for horizontal flight. [2] Unusual in an era in which most naval and land-based air superiority fighters were large and supersonic, the principal role of the subsonic Sea Harrier was to provide air defence for Royal Navy task groups centred around the aircraft carriers. Hawker developed a version of the Harrier for the Navy, based on the Royal Air Force Harrier GR.1. The first flight of the prototype took place in September 1988 and a contract was signed for 29 upgraded aircraft in December that year. E.T.W Dennis & Sons British Aerospace Sea Harrier FRS.1 RAF Postcard Please pay through PayPal using any credit or debit card, should you have any questions please let us know. [20], Sea Harrier FA2 ZA195 (upgrade) vector thrust nozzle – distinguishing feature of the jump jet. The aircraft's replacement, the F-35 Lightning II, [67] was originally due in 2012, the MoD arguing that significant expenditure would be required to upgrade the fleet for only six years of service. Initial deliveries of the Harrier II were designated in service as Harrier GR5; subsequently upgraded airframes were redesignated accordingly as GR7 and GR9. The Fleet Air Arm operates the F-35 Lightning II in a Maritime Strike Role, the AW159 Wildcat and AW101 Merlin in both Commando and Anti-Submarine roles, and the BAE Hawk in an aggressor role. Argentine aircraft were forced to operate from the mainland because airfields on the Falklands were only suited for propellor-driven aircraft. The glossy metallic blue paint scheme seen here was altered to a duller one en route. Is it right for today's combat environment? [79], The Indian aircraft carrier INS Vikrant in the early 1980s, carrying Sea Harriers, Sea Hawks, Allouette and Sea King helicopters, and Alize ASW aircraft, In 2006, the Indian Navy expressed interest in acquiring up to eight of the Royal Navy's recently retired Sea Harrier FA2s in order to maintain their operational Sea Harrier fleet,[80] Neither the Sea Harrier FA2's Blue Vixen radar, the radar warning receiver or AMRAAM capability was proposed to be included; certain US software would be also be uninstalled prior to shipment. Jane's Fighter Combat – Combat in the Jet Age, ISBN 0004708229. Seacat was a British short-range surface-to-air missile system intended to replace the ubiquitous Bofors 40 mm gun aboard warships of all sizes. [31] [32], In 1998, the UK Defence Evaluation and Research Agency test-fitted an FA2 with AVPRO UK Ltd's Exint pods, small underwing compartments intended to be used for deployment of special forces. The Sea Harrier is equipped with four wing and three fuselage pylons for carrying weapons and external fuel tanks. [20] [64], The Sea Harrier was withdrawn from service in 2006 and the last remaining aircraft from 801 Naval Air Squadron were decommissioned on 29 March 2006. In December 2007, it was damaged in a hard landing, while undergoing testing at, 2× auxiliary drop tanks for ferry flight or extended range/loitering time. HARRIER and SEA HARRIER is the most complete and original work ever published about the Harrier family. Jane's Fighter Combat – Combat in the Jet Age. Even prior to the Harrier GR5 entering service, it was clear that alterations were required for the aircraft to be more capable in the interdictor role. [75] Until the 1990s, significant portions of pilot training was carried out in Britain due to limited aircraft availability. Giuseppe Garibaldi was involved in combat air operations off Somalia, Kosovo, Afghanistan and Libya. She is equipped with short take-off and vertical landing aircraft (STOVL) aircraft and helicopters. [15] In January 1981, a second operation squadron 801 Naval Air Squadron was formed to operate from HMS Invincible. A number surviving Sea Harrier airframes are held by museums and private owners, and a number of others are at the Royal Navy School of Flight Deck Operations at RNAS Culdrose. [64], Both versions of Harrier experienced reduced engine performance (Pegasus Mk 106 in FA2 – Mk 105 in GR7) in the higher ambient temperatures of the Middle East, which restricted the weight of payload that the Harrier could return to the carrier in 'vertical' recoveries. British aircraft received fighter control from warships in San Carlos Water, although its effectiveness was limited by their being stationed close to the islands, which severely limited the effectiveness of their radar. It first entered service with the Royal Navy in April 1980 as the Sea Harrier FRS1 and became informally known as the "Shar". It was the first of the Harrier Jump Jet series of aircraft and was developed in the 1960s as the first operational ground attack and reconnaissance aircraft with vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) capabilities and the only truly successful V/STOL design of that era. The Harrier, informally referred to as the Harrier Jump Jet, is a family of jet-powered attack aircraft capable of vertical/short takeoff and landing operations (V/STOL). British Aerospace Royal Navy Sea Harrier Jump Jet - Aircraft / Military - Wooden Executive Desktop Model. With the lever back, the nozzles point downward for vertical takeoff or landing. In 2005, she was decommissioned, and was eventually sold for scrap to the Turkish company Leyal Ship Recycling in February 2011. The aircraft was the latest development of the Harrier Jump Jet family, and was derived from the McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II. A total of 28 Sea Harriers and 14 Harrier GR3s were deployed in the theatre. [56] The Sea Harrier allowed several modern missiles to be introduced into naval operations, such as the British anti-ship Sea Eagle missile, [83] and the French Matra Magic missile for air-to-air combat. [33] [34], In 2005, although already timetabled to be retired, a Sea Harrier was modified with an 'Autoland' system to allow the fighter to perform a safe vertical landing without any pilot interaction. It features a single Rolls-Royce Pegasus turbofan engine with two intakes and four vectorable nozzles. [4], In the post-war era, the Royal Navy began contracting in parallel with the break-up of the British Empire overseas and the emergence of the Commonwealth of Nations, reducing the need for a larger navy. [60] The pilot, Lieutenant Nick Richardson, ejected and landed in territory controlled by friendly Bosnian Muslims. Several surviving Sea Harriers are held by museums and private owners, and some others are at the Royal Navy School of Flight Deck Operations at RNAS Culdrose and other military bases for training. Find professional British Aerospace Sea Harrier videos and stock footage available for license in film, television, advertising and corporate uses. The Sea Harrier served in the Falklands War, both of the Gulf Wars, and the Balkans conflicts; on all occasions it mainly operated from aircraft carriers positioned within the conflict zone. First placed in service by the Royal Air Force and Royal Navy the Harrier first saw combat in the 1982 Falklands […] [78] Since the beginning of operational service in the Indian Navy, seven pilots have died in 17 crashes involving the Sea Harrier, usually during routine sorties. Invincible was also deployed in the Yugoslav Wars and the Second Gulf War. [29] [30] The utility of the vertical landing capability of the Sea Harrier was demonstrated in an incident on 6 June 1983, when Sub Lieutenant Ian Watson lost contact with the aircraft carrier HMS Illustrious and had to land Sea Harrier ZA176 on the foredeck of the Spanish cargo ship Alraigo. of the Indian Navy taking off from INS Viraat, Data from Wilson,[97] Bull,[98] Donald[99] Spick[100]. [68] By March 2010, the F-35's introduction had been pushed back to 2016 at the earliest, with the price doubled. HMS Illustrious was a light aircraft carrier of the Royal Navy and the second of three Invincible-class ships constructed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. British Aerospace long tried to interest the British government in an improved Harrier with better aerodynamics and greater payload. The former Royal Navy Sea Harrier FA2 was purchased in 2006 by Art Nalls, who spent the next two years restoring it to flying condition. After her South Atlantic deployment, she was deployed on Operation Southern Watch in Iraq, then Operation Deny Flight in Bosnia during the 1990s and Operation Palliser in Sierra Leone in 2000. [82], The introduction of the Sea Harrier allowed for the retirement of India's previous carrier fighter aircraft, the Hawker Sea Hawk, as well as for the Navy's aircraft carrier, INS Vikrant (ex-HMS Hercules), to be extensively modernised between 1987 and 1989. 1979 BRITISH AEROSPACE SEA HARRIER FA2 For Sale in Rockford, Illinois at Controller.com. [9] It has two landing gear on the fuselage and two outrigger landing gear on the wings. [96] The following is list of those not used by the military for training. [67] The UK plans to purchase the STOVL F-35B to be operated from the Royal Navy's Future Queen Elizabeth class aircraft carrier.[68][69][70][71]. It was exported to the United States as the AV-8A, for use by the US Marine Corps (USMC), in the 1970s. British Aerospace Sea Harrier FA2 (28135052357).jpg 6,000 × 4,000; 7.39 MB British Aerospace Sea Harrier FRS1, UK - Navy AN0718855.jpg 1,024 × 683; 401 KB Crashed Sea Harrier wing.jpg 2,592 × 1,944; 848 KB ", "India's foreign policy under Rajiv Gandhi", http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a792172067, "Navy grounds Sea Harrier fleet after crash", http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/india/Navy-grounds-Sea-Harrier-fleet-after-crash/articleshow/4933870.cms, http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=d62db99f-b28c-46e2-93f6-17322e8f7cf8&&Headline=Sea+Harrier+crashes%2c+pilot+safe, "Hover and out: UK Royal Navy retires the Sea Harrier", http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2006/03/28/205735/hover-and-out-uk-royal-navy-retires-the-sea-harrier.html, "Navy not to purchase used Royal Navy Sea Harrier fighter jets", http://www.india-defence.com/reports/2605, http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Aging-Aircraft-Indias-Sea-Harriers-04774/, http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=3480072, http://www.ipcs.org/article/navy/flying-the-mig-29k-onto-the-gorshkov-1288.html, "Putin visit: India may sign for 29 MiG-29K fighters", http://sify.com/news/Putin-visit-India-may-sign-for-29-MiG-29K-fighters-news-National-kcnoEcehbid.html, http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Heralding%20the%20Next%20Gen%20weapons/98410/, http://www.demobbed.org.uk/aircraft.php?type=963, http://www.midlandairmuseum.co.uk/aircraftlist.php, "Fleet Air Arm Museum: Search for "Harrier"", http://www.fleetairarm.com/en-GB/harrier/Search.aspx, http://www.fleetairarm.com/en-GB/exhibit/British_Aerospace_Sea_Harrier_FRS1/4_6_43.aspx, "British Aerospace Sea Harrier FA2 (XZ499)", http://www.fleetairarm.com/en-GB/exhibit/British_Aerospace_Sea_Harrier_FA2_XZ499/1_29_49.aspx, "Nalls Aviation – Home of the Sea Harrier", "Flying Back in Time, In His Own Warplane", http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/01/AR2008010102135.html, http://www.nallsaviation.com/articles/a31de, "British Nuclear Policy After the Cold War", http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a791137568&db=all, Hawker Siddeley Harrier and its derivatives, Sea Harrier Still Alive and Kicking (archive article), List of surviving Sea Harriers: Demobbed – Out of Service British Military Aircraft, Photographs of surviving Sea Harriers: Demobbed – Out of Service British Military Aircraft, https://military.wikia.org/wiki/British_Aerospace_Sea_Harrier?oldid=4786468, Pages using duplicate arguments in template calls, A Sea Harrier FA2 of 801 NAS in flight at the, Nine Sea Harrier FA2s - XZ440, ZD579, ZE690, ZE692, ZH797, ZH798, ZH802, ZH803, ZH813 - are still used by the School of Flight Deck Operations at RNAS Culdrose, as of November 2012. Data below for Harrier GR.3 and Sea Harrier F/A.2 where indicated Dunnell, Ben, ed. The aircraft's replacement, the F-35 Lightning II,[61] was originally due in 2012, the MoD arguing that significant expenditure would be required to upgrade the fleet for only six years of service. The British Aerospace Sea Harrier is a naval short take-off and vertical landing/vertical take-off and landing jet fighter, reconnaissance and attack aircraft; the second member of the Harrier Jump Jet family developed. Box contents. [70], The Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm would continue to share the other component of Joint Force Harrier. [81] Until the 1990s, significant portions of pilot training was carried out in Britain due to limited aircraft availability. This is now thought to have been Mirages releasing external fuel tanks rather than weapons, and turning away from conflict with the Sea Harrier. [71] Harrier GR7 and the upgraded Harrier GR9 were transferred to Royal Navy squadrons in 2006, [20] but were retired prematurely a few years later due to budget cuts. [24] After the Falklands War, the Sea Harrier was fitted with the new anti-ship Sea Eagle missile. INS Viraat was commissioned into the Indian Navy on 12 May 1987, and served for almost 30 years. [23], The Sea Harrier was largely based on the Harrier GR3, but was modified to have a raised cockpit with a "bubble" canopy for greater visibility, and an extended forward fuselage to accommodate the Ferranti Blue Fox radar. The Harrier emerged as the only truly successful V/STOL design of the many attempted during that era. Giuseppe Garibaldi is an Italian aircraft carrier, the first through deck aviation ship ever built for the Italian Navy, and the first Italian ship built to operate fixed-wing aircraft. [79] [78] Ten more Sea Harriers were purchased in November 1985; [80] eventually a total of 30 Harriers were procured, 25 for operational use and the remainder as dual-seat trainer aircraft. "Farewell to the Harrier". with Flightpath photo-etched detail set and Paragon resin seat 800 Naval Air Squadron, Royal Navy, HMS Hermes 1980. In the post-World War II era, the Royal Navy began contracting in size. A. Horrex, M. Ray, M. Boulanger, R. Dunn, T. McGhee & T. Wood. • First flight March 30, 1979 • Delivered to the Royal Navy May 10, 1979 • Used as a test aircraft and the first to takeoff from a Ski Jump at sea, October 30, 1980. • Converted from a FRS.1 to FRS.2 as a midlife trials aircraft September 19, 1988. [32], In 2005, although already timetabled to be retired, a Sea Harrier was modified with an 'Autoland' system to allow the fighter to perform a safe vertical landing without any pilot interaction. The Sea Harrier was marketed for sales abroad, but by 1983 India was the only operator other than Britain after attempts to sell the aircraft to Argentina and Australia were unsuccessful. British Aerospace Sea Harrier FRS1. The FA2 first flew in 1988 and entered service in 1993. [62] By March 2010, the F-35's introduction had been pushed back to 2016 at the earliest, with the price doubled. Origin UK Type shipborne multi-role combat aircraft Max Speed 639 kt / 736 mph Max Range 1000 km / 620 miles Dimensions span 7.70 m / 25ft 3 in length 14.17 m / 46 ft 6 in height 3.71 m / 12 ft 2 in Weight empty 5,942 kg / 13,100 lb maximum take-off 11,884 kg / 26,200 lb Despite the pitching of a ship posing a natural problem, the system was designed to be aware of such data, and successfully performed a landing at sea in May 2005. [50] The result was that an Argentine aircraft only had five minutes over the islands to search for and attack an objective, while a Sea Harrier could stay near to 30 minutes waiting in the Argentine approach corridors and provide Combat Air Patrol coverage for up to an hour. [29][30] The usefulness of the vertical landing capability of the Sea Harrier was demonstrated in an incident on 6 June 1983, when Sub Lieutenant Ian Watson lost contact with the aircraft carrier HMS Illustrious and had to land Sea Harrier ZA176[31] on the foredeck of the Spanish cargo ship Alraigo. [82], There have been a significant number of accidents involving the Sea Harrier; this accident rate has caused approximately half the fleet to be lost with only 11 fighters remaining in service. [20] It launched raids on Serb forces and provided air-support for the international taskforce units conducting Operations Deny Flight and Deliberate Force against the Army of Republika Srpska. The British Aerospace Harrier II is a second-generation vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) jet aircraft used previously by the Royal Air Force (RAF) and, between 2006 and 2010, the Royal Navy (RN). [46] It is now known that British units based in Chile did provide early radar warning to the Task Force. [42] However, it is now known that Chile did provide early radar warning to the Task Force. [81], As of 2006, the Indian Navy was in the process of upgrading up to 15 Sea Harriers in collaboration with Israel by installing the Elta EL/M-2032 radar and the Rafael 'Derby' medium range air to air missile. The ship is the smallest functioning aircraft carrier in the world. [15] In March 1980 the Intensive Flying Trials Unit became 899 Naval Air Squadron and would act as the landborne headquarters unit for the type. Expeditionary fighter", Sea Harrier Still Alive and Kicking (archive article), List of surviving Sea Harriers: Demobbed – Out of Service British Military Aircraft, A Sea Harrier FA2 of 801 NAS in flight at the, The Royal Navy School of Flight Deck Operations still uses Harriers to train Aircraft Handlers who train on the dummy deck at, Sea Harrier FA2 registered N94422 (formerly Royal Navy serial number XZ439) Nalls Aviation, Up to 1 hour 30 minutes on station at 100, Ferranti Blue Vixen all-weather airborne radar, BAE Systems AD2770 Tactical Air Navigation System, Thales MADGE Microwave Airborne Digital Guidance Equipment, 2x BAE Systems AN/ALE 40 chaff/flare dipensers. Jet aircraft in the theatre... Hawker Hurricane WW2 - British aircraft / military - Wooden Executive Desktop Model aircraft. Were temporarily grounded for inspection Ministry of Defence ; subsequently upgraded airframes were redesignated as... 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List of those not used by the School of flight Deck operations at RNAS Culdrose of British Harrier... Aerodynamics and greater payload [ 85 ], Sea Harrier FA2 carried AIM-120. Analog, HD, and was withdrawn from service in 2012 to purchase STOVL. Zh811 are stored at RNAS Culdrose most complete and original work ever published about the Harrier employed the latest of., Lieutenant Nick Richardson, ejected and landed in territory controlled by friendly Bosnian Muslims ; 2 Sea Harriers,... Launch ground attacks in the Jet Age, ISBN 0004708229 take-off Jet fighter predominantly... Was decommissioned, and 4K video of the Harrier is equipped with short take-off / take-off. Osprey Air Combat ) Hardcover – June 1, 1984 Box contents 85 ] a... To be provided with this capability seat 800 Naval Air Squadron, Navy. 2010 ) during the conflict ; 2 Sea Harriers operated by the Royal Air Force ( Clear ),,... And left-hand throttle Harrier early has been criticised by some officers within the.... 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